Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds (3.1)

Conclusion:

 Respond to each item asked for on the rubric and answer the following questions.

1. List the general properties of ionic compounds. (hardness? conductivity? conductivity in solution? melting point?)

 

2. List the general properties of covalent substances. (hardness? conductivity? conductivity in solution? melting point?)

 

3. What types of elements combine to form ionic bonds? Explain what happens with electrons with this type of bonding.

 

4. What types of elements combine to form covalent bonds? Explain what happens with electrons with this type of bonding.

5. Why do covalent compounds lack the ability to conduct electricity as a solid or in solution?

 

6. Why do ionic substances conduct electricity in solution, but not as solids?

Enrichment:

Solutions containing ions are often called “electrolyte solutions.”  Research electrolytes and find out:

¨  Why drinks like Gatorade advertise that they contain electrolytes,

¨  What electrolytes have to do with you and exercising,

¨  How electrolytes are used by your body to transmit messages from your brain to your muscles,

¨  What is the electrolyte substance used by your body?

Post 2.2 - Bag of Ions and Periodic Table Chem Crunch

After completing these activities I am looking for you guys to communicate your understanding for the organization for the periodic table. So please consider the following [Bill Nye Reference]

In your own words describe how the periodic table is arranged, you may wish to include something about the groups and periods, electron configuration, valence electrons, and the different families.

For the second part, I want you to compare and contrast ions and atoms:

• What is similar about atoms and ions of the same element
• What is different about atoms and ions of the same element
• Why do ions form?
• How can you predict the charge on an ion by looking at valence electrons and location on the periodic table

Overall, I am looking for how well you understand these concepts, if you have any questions use your packets and notes and chem crunches, and don't be afraid to ask questions!!

Lab 2.1 Grouping of Elements

1.    Based on the information in your text on p158-160 (or another source that names the different groupings on the periodic table),  “Name” the groupings of elements that you created on the last page.

2.  Classify the four properties tested in this lab as either a physical property or chemical property.  Explain your thinking.

3.   a)  State what is unique about elements that are “metalloids.” 

b)  Identify any elements among our seven that are metalloids.

c)  List the names and symbols of all the metalloids. 

4.   When you look at a Periodic Table, you will notice that the seven elements we tested are all clustered near each other. 

State the trend that appears to exist:

a)  In terms of metallic character of elements, as you proceed from elements on the left to elements on the right in the Periodic Table.

b)  In terms of metallic character of elements, as you proceed from elements near the top to elements near the bottom in the Periodic Table.

ENRICHMENT:  Some elements, like lead (Pb), have symbols that due not seem to match their names.  Pb is derived from the Latin name for lead, which is “plumbum.”  This is due to the fact that this element was used in Roman times for making pipes for drinking water (“plumb”ing pipes).  There are 10 other elements like this.  Find one or more of them, and research why the symbol is what it is.

Lab 1-4 Physical and Chemical Changes

We have talked a bunch about physical and chemical changes now. What I would like you to do is to design a clear set of criteria that you can use to determine whether a change is physical or chemical.

In this process I want you to discuss the following:

• What types of changes are chemical and what types are physical? (Come up with examples for each)
• What types of evidence are you looking for in a physical change?
• What types of evidence would convince you that a chemical change has occurred?
• When you are stuck in a scenario where you are unsure, what other resources can you use to figure it out? A good example of this would be the sodium polyacrylate and water, what was it anyway?

Enrichment:

Find a video of a sweet physical or chemical change. Describe which it is. See if you can figure out how to embed a video into a blog post.

Lab 1-3 Separation of a Mixture

Hey Everyone, from reading your blogs it looks like you are getting the idea for the general outline and purpose of what we are trying to accomplish with the blog. If there are some comments asking you to add to your blog or edit it, please make the changes, your grade will reflect it.

For this experiment you need to write the normal paragraph summary outlining what you did. After you do that you need to consider the following:

1. Compare the amounts of iron, sand and salt that you had initially in your mixture to the amounts that you recovered. Were they all equal? Propose a reason for each of them being different than expected. I won't accept reasons stating that you measured wrong or did math incorrectly. I am looking for problems with the experiment.

2. How could you have made your separation better? For example: if you had sand left in your iron what could you have done to get it out?

3. Explain how you chose how many digits to round your final answers to.

Write a conclusion paragraph explaining how what we did relates to what we are currently doing in class. If you have further questions, this would be the place to ask the questions and address what happened.

Enrichment: Do a little research and find out the steps that are used to manufacture and purify a chemical. The important process here is the purification, because it directly relates to what we are doing in class.

Lab 1-2 Indirect Measurment

First in your blog write a summary of the experiment and your results.

Then: Answer these questions

1.     Some methods for finding the diameters and thickness are much better than others. Explain the limitations of using water displacement and a ruler to calculate the thickness.

2.     When calculating the actual thickness of the foil the number calculated will likely contain a large number of decimals. Can we be confident that this represents an exact measurement? Explain why or why not this is the case.

3.     Suggest some sources of error in how you conducted the measurements that might explain any error in your diameter value.

To conclude your blog entry, explain how you could use a method like the one in your experiment to solve another problem that might not have a clear cut answer.

ENRICHMENT: 

As a person who will soon be paying your way through life, learning to evaluate the “best deal” is an important skill so you can get the most value for your money.  Obtain information about the price and amount of foil in roll of each type of aluminum foil.  Use this information, along with the thickness value for each type of foil, in order to determine which type of foil gives more value.  You may choose to do this by:

a)     showing a mathematical way of figuring this out, OR

b)    describing in writing how you would figure this out. 

Prices:     HD: $3.79 for a roll 70 cm X 6 m

               Regular: $5.79 for a roll 40 cm X 15 m

Lab 1-1: Green Stuff

Ok, now you have completed your first experiment and have had a little bit of a chance to think about it.

The purpose of the lab blog is to do the thought processesing that goes along with the experiences that you had in the experiment.

Your blog post should be outlined as follows:

• A quick summary of the experiment, tell me what you did (a procedure) and what happened (your results). I am usually looking for roughly a paragraph here, you need to provide enough so that I can tell that you understood what you were doing.
• Answers to the lab questions, in this case they are:
• Explain how you can determine if a property of green stuff is a physical property, or a chemical property.
• Describe the different phases of matter of the chemicals (water is a chemical too) used in this experiment. Make sure to tell how solids, liquids and gases are different.

•  Describe how the material relates to what we have been completing in class. Also this is where you can pose questions that the lab made you think about, I like to see this stuff and respond to it.
• Enrichment Questions: I will at times pose enrichment questions, if you want to get 5/5 on all categories all the time, you will need to answer these. For this experiment, come up with an experiment that you would like to try with green stuff. Its name is copper (II) chloride if you want to do a search.

All in all I am looking for 3-4 paragraphs. I will read and respond to you for a grade. I will also be sending you a link so that you can view your progress in a spreadsheet. This will be similar to the one in the syllabus that we discussed on the first day of school.